Bash tips: Colors and formatting (ANSI/VT100 Control sequences)
Fuente: https://misc.flogisoft.com/bash/tip_colors_and_formatting
Los terminales y emuladores de temrinal ANSI/VT100 no sólo son capaces de presentar texto blanco y negro; pueden mostrar colores y texto formateado gracias a las secuencias de escape. Dichas secuencias estás compuestas por el caracter Escape )a menudo representado como ^[ o <Esc>) seguido por algunos otros caracteres: “<Esc>[FormatCodem”.
En Bash, el caracter <Esc> puede lograrse con la siguiente sintaxis:
\e
\033
\x1B
Examples:
| Code (Bash) | Preview |
|---|
echo -e "\e[31mHello World\e[0m" | Hello World |
echo -e "\033[31mHello\e[0m World" | Hello World |
NOTA¹: La opción -e del comando echo activa el parseo de las secuencias de escape.
NOTA²: la secuencia “\e[0m” remueve todos los atributos (formato y colores). Puede ser una buena idea aggregarla al final de cada texto coloreado. ;)
NOTA³: Los ejemplos en este tutorial están en Basi, pero las secuencias de escape ANSI/VT100 pueden utilizarse en cualquier lenguaje de programación
Formatting
Here are the most commonly supported control sequences for formatting text. Their support depends on the used terminal (see the compatibility list). Set Code Description Example Preview 1 Bold/Bright
echo -e “Normal \e[1mBold”
Normal Bold
2 Dim
echo -e “Normal \e[2mDim”
Normal Dim
4 Underlined
echo -e “Normal \e[4mUnderlined”
Normal Underlined
5 Blink 1)
echo -e “Normal \e[5mBlink”
Normal Blink
7 Reverse (invert the foreground and background colors)
echo -e “Normal \e[7minverted”
Normal inverted
8 Hidden (useful for passwords)
echo -e “Normal \e[8mHidden”
Normal Hidden
Reset Code Description Example Preview 0 Reset all attributes
echo -e “\e[0mNormal Text”
Normal Text
21 Reset bold/bright
echo -e “Normal \e[1mBold \e[21mNormal”
Normal Bold Normal
22 Reset dim
echo -e “Normal \e[2mDim \e[22mNormal”
Normal Dim Normal
24 Reset underlined
echo -e “Normal \e[4mUnderlined \e[24mNormal”
Normal Underlined Normal
25 Reset blink
echo -e “Normal \e[5mBlink \e[25mNormal”
Normal Blink Normal
27 Reset reverse
echo -e “Normal \e[7minverted \e[27mNormal”
Normal inverted Normal
28 Reset hidden
echo -e “Normal \e[8mHidden \e[28mNormal”
Normal Hidden Normal
8/16 Colors
The following colors works with most terminals and terminals emulators 2), see the compatibility list for more informations.
NOTE: The colors can vary depending of the terminal configuration. Foreground (text) Code Color Example Preview 39 Default foreground color
echo -e “Default \e[39mDefault”
Default Default
30 Black
echo -e “Default \e[30mBlack”
Default Black
31 Red
echo -e “Default \e[31mRed”
Default Red
32 Green
echo -e “Default \e[32mGreen”
Default Green
33 Yellow
echo -e “Default \e[33mYellow”
Default Yellow
34 Blue
echo -e “Default \e[34mBlue”
Default Blue
35 Magenta
echo -e “Default \e[35mMagenta”
Default Magenta
36 Cyan
echo -e “Default \e[36mCyan”
Default Cyan
37 Light gray
echo -e “Default \e[37mLight gray”
Default Light gray
90 Dark gray
echo -e “Default \e[90mDark gray”
Default Dark gray
91 Light red
echo -e “Default \e[91mLight red”
Default Light red
92 Light green
echo -e “Default \e[92mLight green”
Default Light green
93 Light yellow
echo -e “Default \e[93mLight yellow”
Default Light yellow
94 Light blue
echo -e “Default \e[94mLight blue”
Default Light blue
95 Light magenta
echo -e “Default \e[95mLight magenta”
Default Light magenta
96 Light cyan
echo -e “Default \e[96mLight cyan”
Default Light cyan
97 White
echo -e “Default \e[97mWhite”
Default White
Background Code Color Example Preview 49 Default background color
echo -e “Default \e[49mDefault”
Default Default
40 Black
echo -e “Default \e[40mBlack”
Default Black
41 Red
echo -e “Default \e[41mRed”
Default Red
42 Green
echo -e “Default \e[42mGreen”
Default Green
43 Yellow
echo -e “Default \e[43mYellow”
Default Yellow
44 Blue
echo -e “Default \e[44mBlue”
Default Blue
45 Magenta
echo -e “Default \e[45mMagenta”
Default Magenta
46 Cyan
echo -e “Default \e[46mCyan”
Default Cyan
47 Light gray
echo -e “Default \e[47mLight gray”
Default Light gray
100 Dark gray
echo -e “Default \e[100mDark gray”
Default Dark gray
101 Light red
echo -e “Default \e[101mLight red”
Default Light red
102 Light green
echo -e “Default \e[102mLight green”
Default Light green
103 Light yellow
echo -e “Default \e[103mLight yellow”
Default Light yellow
104 Light blue
echo -e “Default \e[104mLight blue”
Default Light blue
105 Light magenta
echo -e “Default \e[105mLight magenta”
Default Light magenta
106 Light cyan
echo -e “Default \e[106mLight cyan”
Default Light cyan
107 White
echo -e “Default \e[107mWhite”
Default White
88/256 Colors
Some terminals (see the compatibility list) can support 88 or 256 colors. Here are the control sequences that permit you to use them.
NOTE¹: The colors number 256 is only supported by vte (GNOME Terminal, XFCE4 Terminal, Nautilus Terminal, Terminator,…).
NOTE²: The 88-colors terminals (like rxvt) does not have the same color map that the 256-colors terminals. For showing the 88-colors terminals color map, run the “256-colors.sh” script in a 88-colors terminal.
Foreground (text)
For using one of the 256 colors on the foreground (text color), the control sequence is “<Esc>[38;5;ColorNumberm” where ColorNumber is one of the following colors:
XTerm 256 color list (foreground)
Examples: Code (Bash) Preview
echo -e “\e[38;5;82mHello \e[38;5;198mWorld”
Hello World
for i in {16..21} {21..16} ; do echo -en “\e[38;5;${i}m#\e[0m” ; done ; echo
Blue gradiant
Background
For using one of the 256 colors on the background, the control sequence is “<Esc>[48;5;ColorNumberm” where ColorNumber is one of the following colors:
XTerm 256 color list (background)
Examples: Code (Bash) Preview
echo -e “\e[40;38;5;82m Hello \e[30;48;5;82m World \e[0m”
Hello World
for i in {16..21} {21..16} ; do echo -en “\e[48;5;${i}m \e[0m” ; done ; echo
Blue gradiant
Attributes combination
Terminals allow attribute combinations. The attributes must be separated by a semicolon (“;”).
Examples: Description Code (Bash) Preview Bold + Underlined
echo -e “\e[1;4mBold and Underlined”
Bold and Underlined
Bold + Red forground + Green background
echo -e “\e[1;31;42m Yes it is awful \e[0m”
Yes it is awful
Terminals compatibility
| Terminal | Formatting | Colors | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bold | Dim | Underlined | Blink | invert | Hidden | 8 | 16 | 88 | ||||
| aTerm | ok | - | ok | - | ok | - | ok | ~ | - | - | Lighter background instead of blink. | |
| Eterm | ~ | - | ok | - | ok | - | ok | ~ | - | ok | Lighter color instead of Bold. Lighter background instead of blink. Can overline a text with the “ | [[6m” sequence. |
| GNOME Terminal | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | - | ok | Strikeout with the “ | [[9m” sequence. |
| Guake | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | - | ok | Strikeout with the “ | [[9m” sequence. |
| Konsole | ok | - | ok | ok | ok | - | ok | ok | - | ok | ||
| Nautilus Terminal | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | - | ok | Strikeout with the “ | [[9m” sequence. |
| rxvt ok - ok ~ ok - ok ok ok - If the background is not set to the default color, Blink make it lighter instead of blinking. Support of italic text with the “ |
Terminator ok ok ok - ok ok ok ok - ok Strikeout with the “^[[9m” sequence.
| XFCE4 Terminal ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok - ok Strikeout with the “ |
| VTE Terminal 3) ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok - ok Strikeout with the “ |
Notations used in the table:
“ok”: Supported by the terminal. “~”: Supported in a special way by the terminal. “-”: Not supported at all by the terminal.